Не решено: задание
Read the examples and say how we form questions and negative sentences in past perfect.
A: Questions
- Had Tom gone home when you came? — Yes, he had.
- Had Mary cleaned the floor by 7 o'clock? — No, she hadn't.
- Had you cooked lunch before granny got up? — Yes, I had.
B: Negations
- When Tom came to his office, he was hungry. He hadn't had breakfast.
- Jane was unhappy when she came back home. She hadn't written her test.
- I didn't know what to do. Martin hadn't phoned me.
A. Вопросы. В Past Perfect вспомогательный глагол had ставится перед подлежащим, затем идёт третья форма смыслового глагола (Past Participle):
Had + подлежащее + V
Had Tom gone home...? (gone — V
Had Mary cleaned the floor...? (cleaned — V
Had you cooked lunch...? (cooked — V
Краткие ответы строятся с had: Yes, he had. / No, she hadn't. / Yes, I had.
B. Отрицания. После подлежащего ставится had not (в краткой форме hadn't), затем V
Подлежащее + hadn't + V
He hadn't had breakfast. (had — V
She hadn't written her test. (written — V
Martin hadn't phoned me.
Past Perfect образуется с помощью had + V
Вопрос: Had + подлежащее + V
Отрицание: подлежащее + hadn't (had not) + V
A. Read the text and say what the word "prodigy" means.
Prodigy Child
Kevin was a prodigy child. By the age of two he had learned to read and write. Before his fifth birthday his parents had taught him to speak French and German and he played the piano rather well. Kevin was a great lover of books and by the age of ten he had already read all the books in his father's library. When all his friends were still in the second year, he had already left school.
After he had finished college, he went to University to become a microbiologist. At sixteen he was ready for his final exams and soon became the youngest scientist in the history of his country.
He was happy because he hadn't wasted his time and got a good profession that he loved. The only problem with Kevin was that he had never played football or basketball with his friends and had no idea of sports, games or children's parties: he hadn't had time for them.
B. Read the text again and find in it sentences in past perfect. Why are they used in the text?
A. Prodigy child — вундеркинд, необычайно одарённый ребёнок, который в раннем возрасте достигает того, что обычно доступно только взрослым. Кевин в два года умел читать и писать, а в
B. Предложения в Past Perfect:
- By the age of two he had learned to read and write.
- Before his fifth birthday his parents had taught him to speak French and German.
- By the age of ten he had already read all the books in his father's library.
- When all his friends were still in the second year, he had already left school.
- After he had finished college, he went to University.
- He was happy because he hadn't wasted his time.
- ...he had never played football or basketball with his friends.
- ...he hadn't had time for them.
Почему используется Past Perfect: он показывает действие, которое произошло раньше другого действия или момента в прошлом.
- В предложениях
– действие завершилось до определённого момента (by the age of two, before his fifth birthday, by the age of ten). - В предложении
Кевин закончил школу раньше, чем его друзья перешли во второй класс (when ... were still in the second year). - В предложении
колледж был окончен до поступления в университет. - В предложении
Кевин был счастлив в прошлом, а время не растратил ещё раньше. - В предложениях
– говорится о том, чего Кевин никогда не делал до этого момента.
Past Perfect (had + V
A. Prodigy — вундеркинд, необыкновенно одарённый ребёнок.
B. Past Perfect: had learned, had taught, had read, had left, had finished, hadn't wasted, had never played, hadn't had. Он употребляется для действий, совершённых до другого момента или действия в прошлом.
